{"id":1702,"date":"2025-07-11T05:37:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-10T21:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/?p=1702"},"modified":"2025-07-11T05:37:06","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T21:37:06","slug":"e-bike-communication-protocols","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/e-bike-communication-protocols\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly v elektrick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech elektrokol"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Elektrick\u00e1 kola (elektrokola), v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00edch elektrokol, jsou zalo\u017eena na slo\u017eit\u00e9m elektrick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd propojuje baterii, motor, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotku, senzory a u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed. Komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly tohoto syst\u00e9mu slou\u017e\u00ed jako \"jazyk\", kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje bezprobl\u00e9movou koordinaci v\u0161ech t\u011bchto sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. V tomto popul\u00e1rn\u011b-nau\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159ehledu vysv\u011btl\u00edme, co jsou to komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly a jak funguj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci elektrick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f elektrokol. Budeme se zab\u00fdvat typy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch protokol\u016f, jejich rozd\u00edly, m\u00edsty pou\u017eit\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch protokol\u016f, jejich v\u00fdhodami a nev\u00fdhodami, finan\u010dn\u00edmi aspekty, souladem s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi normami v EU a USA a omezen\u00edmi. C\u00edlem je poskytnout na\u0161im z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm a poslucha\u010d\u016fm jasn\u00e9ho a autoritativn\u00edho pr\u016fvodce , kter\u00fd bude vyva\u017eovat technickou hloubku s praktick\u00fdm porozum\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti elektrokola - \"nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m\"<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Elektrokola si lze p\u0159edstavit jako centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervovou soustavu kabel\u016f a datov\u00fdch spoj\u016f, kter\u00e9 propojuj\u00ed v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 komponenty. Stejn\u011b jako nervy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sign\u00e1ly v t\u011ble, kabelov\u00fd svazek p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00ed i datov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly v cel\u00e9m motocyklu . Mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti typick\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu elektrokola pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cargo-Bike-Spare-Parts-and-accessories-1024x414.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cargo-Bike-Spare-Parts-and-accessories-1024x414.webp 1024w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cargo-Bike-Spare-Parts-and-accessories-300x121.webp 300w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cargo-Bike-Spare-Parts-and-accessories-768x310.webp 768w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cargo-Bike-Spare-Parts-and-accessories-1536x621.webp 1536w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cargo-Bike-Spare-Parts-and-accessories-18x7.webp 18w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cargo-Bike-Spare-Parts-and-accessories.webp 1980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bateriov\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek: Zdroj stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu (obvykle 36-48 V), kter\u00fd dod\u00e1v\u00e1 energii do syst\u00e9mu. P\u0159ipojuje se k \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotce pomoc\u00ed siln\u00fdch nap\u00e1jec\u00edch kabel\u016f (s pojistkami nebo jisti\u010di pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti) a dod\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed proud. N\u011bkter\u00e9 pokro\u010dil\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 datov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed (prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm komunika\u010dn\u00edch linek) pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed stavov\u00fdch nebo \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f s \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Motor a \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka: Motor (n\u00e1bojov\u00fd motor v kole nebo st\u0159edov\u00fd pohon na klice) p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 energii z \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky motoru, kter\u00e1 je \"mozkem\" reguluj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdkon motoru na z\u00e1klad\u011b vstup\u016f od jezdce a zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby od senzor\u016f. \u0158\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka je elektronick\u00e1 jednotka s mikroprocesorem, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 sign\u00e1ly (plyn, sn\u00edma\u010d \u0161lap\u00e1n\u00ed, brzdy atd.) a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed motoru. Motory maj\u00ed obvykle f\u00e1zov\u00e9 vodi\u010de (t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kabely p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed) a senzorov\u00e9 vodi\u010de (tenk\u00e9 kabely ze sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f s Hallov\u00fdm jevem, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed zp\u011btnou vazbu o poloze rotoru) vedouc\u00ed k \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotce .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lidsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed (plynov\u00e1 p\u00e1ka, ped\u00e1lov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d, displej): Jezdec komunikuje s elektrokolem prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako je plynov\u00e1 p\u00e1ka (\u010dasto rukoje\u0165 na \u0159\u00edd\u00edtk\u00e1ch s Hallov\u00fdm sn\u00edma\u010dem, kter\u00fd vys\u00edl\u00e1 prom\u011bnn\u00fd nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fd sign\u00e1l pro po\u017eadavek rychlosti) a sn\u00edma\u010d asistence \u0161lap\u00e1n\u00ed (PAS), kter\u00fd detekuje pohyb \u0161lap\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed magnet\u016f a senzor\u016f. Zobrazovac\u00ed jednotka na \u0159\u00edd\u00edtk\u00e1ch zobrazuje rychlost, \u00farove\u0148 nabit\u00ed baterie, \u00farove\u0148 asistence atd. a \u010dasto obsahuje tla\u010d\u00edtka, kter\u00fdmi jezdec upravuje nastaven\u00ed. Displej a \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka si vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed data prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u00edcevodi\u010dov\u00e9ho kabelu v\u010detn\u011b nap\u00e1jec\u00edho a komunika\u010dn\u00edho veden\u00ed .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed pojistky (brzdov\u00e9 p\u00e1ky): Brzdov\u00e9 p\u00e1ky elektrokol jsou obvykle vybaveny vyp\u00edna\u010di, kter\u00e9 vys\u00edlaj\u00ed sign\u00e1l do \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky, aby p\u0159i brzd\u011bn\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161ila v\u00fdkon motoru. Obvykle se k tomu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednoduch\u00fd dvouvodi\u010dov\u00fd obvod, kter\u00fd funguje jako sign\u00e1l zapnuto\/vypnuto pro \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotku .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Osv\u011btlen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed: Mnoho elektrokol m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 integrovan\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00ed\/zadn\u00ed sv\u011btla, klakson, USB nab\u00edje\u010dky atd. Ty mohou b\u00fdt \u0159\u00edzeny hlavn\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou nebo fungovat na samostatn\u00fdch obvodech, ale ve \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech mohou b\u00fdt adresov\u00e1ny i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm komunika\u010dn\u00ed sb\u011brnice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodce p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00edm pro elektrokola a n\u00e1kladn\u00ed kola najdete na adrese.<a href=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/guide-to-cargo-bike-spare-parts-and-accessories\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1657\"> p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tento \u010dl\u00e1nek, kde najdete podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/a> nebo se pod\u00edvejte na na\u0161e <a href=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/cargo-bike-101\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"208\">N\u00e1kladn\u00ed kolo 101 str\u00e1nka<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"regen-test-placement-from-wizard-1604397851\" id=\"regen-1649492287\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1076230867169041\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><\/div><div class=\"regen-test-placement-from-wizard-2878267818\" id=\"regen-3733832024\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1076230867169041\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/e-bike-block-diagram.webp\" alt=\"komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly ebike, blokov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma typick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a spr\u00e1vy bateri\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho kola. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka komunikuje s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi vstupy - \u0161krtic\u00ed klapkou, sn\u00edma\u010di ped\u00e1l\u016f, brzdov\u00fdmi p\u00e1\u010dkami - a spravuje v\u00fdstupy, jako jsou sign\u00e1ly pohonu motoru. \" class=\"wp-image-1703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/e-bike-block-diagram.webp 900w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/e-bike-block-diagram-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/e-bike-block-diagram-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/e-bike-block-diagram-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Obr\u00e1zek 2: Blokov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma typick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho j\u00edzdn\u00edho kola a spr\u00e1vy baterie. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka komunikuje s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi vstupy - \u0161krtic\u00ed klapkou, sn\u00edma\u010di ped\u00e1l\u016f, brzdov\u00fdmi p\u00e1kami - a spravuje v\u00fdstupy, jako jsou sign\u00e1ly pohonu motoru, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ovlada\u010d\u016f hradel, ovlada\u010d\u016f rel\u00e9 a p\u0159ipojen\u00ed GPIO. Voliteln\u00e9 moduly, jako jsou displeje LCD, nab\u00edje\u010dky bateri\u00ed, palivom\u011bry a podsv\u00edcen\u00ed, roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed funk\u010dnost syst\u00e9mu. Komunikace mezi komponentami podporuje koordinaci nap\u00e1jen\u00ed motor\u016f, osv\u011btlen\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch odpojen\u00ed a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu baterie v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 jsou komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly elektrokol?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V kontextu elektrokol se komunika\u010dn\u00edmi protokoly rozum\u00ed zp\u016fsob a form\u00e1t, jak\u00fdm si elektronick\u00e9 komponenty vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed data. Ran\u00e1 nebo z\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrokola \u010dasto nem\u011bla slo\u017eitou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 - mnoho sign\u00e1l\u016f bylo analogov\u00fdch nebo \u0161lo o jednoduch\u00e9 zap\u00ednac\u00ed a vyp\u00ednac\u00ed obvody. Nap\u0159\u00edklad plynov\u00e1 p\u00e1ka vys\u00edl\u00e1 analogov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 signalizuje, kolik v\u00fdkonu chce jezdec, a brzdov\u00fd sp\u00edna\u010d jednodu\u0161e otev\u00edr\u00e1 nebo uzav\u00edr\u00e1 obvod pro p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu . Jak se v\u0161ak elektrokola st\u00e1vala sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi - s chytr\u00fdmi displeji, pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi senzory a dokonce i integrac\u00ed GPS nebo chytr\u00e9ho telefonu - vznikla pot\u0159eba robustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed v syst\u00e9mech elektrokol dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>UART (univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed asynchronn\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d a vys\u00edla\u010d): S\u00e9riov\u00e1 komunika\u010dn\u00ed metoda, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 datov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed jedna ku jedn\u00e9 mezi dv\u011bma za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi (obvykle \u0159adi\u010dem a displejem).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sb\u011brnice CAN (Controller Area Network): S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd protokol, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (\u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka, displej, BMS baterie, senzory atd.) komunikovalo po stejn\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u00edch sb\u011brnice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b UART a sb\u011brnice CAN se v syst\u00e9mech elektrokol p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dva dal\u0161\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SIF (Serial Interface Format):<\/strong> Jedn\u00e1 se o propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd protokol, kter\u00fd se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuje v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zna\u010dkov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech (nap\u0159. Shimano STEPS nebo star\u0161\u00ed zobrazovac\u00ed jednotky). Obvykle se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat mezi \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou a displejem nebo d\u00e1lkov\u00fdmi tla\u010d\u00edtky. Proto\u017ee SIF postr\u00e1d\u00e1 otev\u0159enou standardizaci a flexibilitu, je v\u011bt\u0161inou omezen na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zna\u010dky nebo star\u0161\u00ed modely.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RS-485 (doporu\u010den\u00e1 norma 485):<\/strong> RS-485 je pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd s\u00e9riov\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokol, kter\u00fd je zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou spolehlivost\u00ed a odolnost\u00ed proti \u0161umu na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. A\u010dkoli nen\u00ed tak b\u011b\u017en\u00fd jako UART nebo CAN ve spot\u0159ebn\u00edch elektrokolech, objevuje se v <strong>n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 nebo komer\u010dn\u00ed flotilov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na tam, kde je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na robustnost a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 kabel\u00e1\u017e - nap\u0159\u00edklad u sd\u00edlen\u00fdch kol, vozov\u00fdch park\u016f p\u016fj\u010doven nebo t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch elektrokol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto protokoly jsou v podstat\u011b \"jazyky\" elektroniky elektrokola. Pokud v\u0161echny komponenty mluv\u00ed stejn\u00fdm jazykem, informace proud\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b; pokud ne, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed si nebudou rozum\u011bt. Proto je nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed displeje s \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sladit protokol. I kdy\u017e z\u00e1str\u010dka sed\u00ed, nekompatibilita protokolu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sou\u010d\u00e1sti nebudou fungovat spole\u010dn\u011b .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>P\u0159ehled vyu\u017eit\u00ed trhu (odhadovan\u00e9 trendy v letech 2024-2025)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u011b publikovan\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed protokol\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na trhu s elektrokoly, na z\u00e1klad\u011b poznatk\u016f z oboru a od hlavn\u00edch dodavatel\u016f syst\u00e9m\u016f (nap\u0159. Bosch, Bafang, Shimano, Mahle atd.) je mo\u017en\u00e9 uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed <strong>p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 odhadovan\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed<\/strong> od roku 2025:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Protokol<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Pod\u00edl vyu\u017eit\u00ed (odhadovan\u00fd)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 aplikace<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Pozn\u00e1mky<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>UART<\/strong><\/td><td>~50-60%<\/td><td>Elektrokola z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a\u017e st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy<\/td><td>\u0160irok\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed d\u00edky jednoduchosti a n\u00edzk\u00e9 cen\u011b.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sb\u011brnice CAN<\/strong><\/td><td>~30-35%<\/td><td>\u0160pi\u010dkov\u00e1, chytr\u00e1 nebo modul\u00e1rn\u00ed elektrokola<\/td><td>Zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159ijet\u00ed d\u00edky inteligentn\u00ed integraci<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>RS-485<\/strong><\/td><td>~5-10%<\/td><td>Flotilov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, dlouh\u00e9 kabelov\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00ed sestavy<\/td><td>Omezeno na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>SIF \/ Propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><td>&lt;5%<\/td><td>Specifick\u00e9 nebo star\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/td><td>V\u011bt\u0161inou se vyskytuj\u00ed ve star\u0161\u00edch nebo uzav\u0159en\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mech.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/strong> Tyto \u00fadaje jsou zobecn\u011bny pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trhy (EU, CN, NA) a vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z trend\u016f OEM, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dokumentace, \u00fadaj\u016f o demont\u00e1\u017ei a poznatk\u016f dodavatel\u016f komponent.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definujte komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly pro elektrokola jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem \uff1a <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly v elektrokolech vypadaj\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u011b. <strong>jazyky nebo pravidla, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm elektronick\u00fdm sou\u010d\u00e1stem vz\u00e1jemn\u011b komunikovat.<\/strong>. Pokud komponenty nemluv\u00ed stejn\u00fdm jazykem, nemohou si rozum\u011bt - i kdy\u017e si fyzicky odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\ud83d\udcde Analogie: Hovor jeden na jednoho vs. skupinov\u00fd chat<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavme si dva zp\u016fsoby komunikace v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, abychom pochopili protokoly elektronick\u00fdch kol:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Visual-comparison-between-UART-and-CAN-Bus-communication-in-e-bike-systems.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Visual-comparison-between-UART-and-CAN-Bus-communication-in-e-bike-systems.webp 900w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Visual-comparison-between-UART-and-CAN-Bus-communication-in-e-bike-systems-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Visual-comparison-between-UART-and-CAN-Bus-communication-in-e-bike-systems-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Visual-comparison-between-UART-and-CAN-Bus-communication-in-e-bike-systems-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>UART: jako telefonn\u00ed hovor mezi \u010dty\u0159ma o\u010dima<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) je jako vol\u00e1n\u00ed jednomu p\u0159\u00edteli po telefonu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pouze <strong>dv\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong> mohou mluvit najednou - jako v\u00e1\u0161 displej a ovlada\u010d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chcete-li komunikovat s jin\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, mus\u00edte <strong>dal\u0161\u00ed dr\u00e1t<\/strong> (nebo dal\u0161\u00ed telefon\u00e1t).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Je to jednoduch\u00e9, ale nen\u00ed to \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e9, pokud m\u00e1te mnoho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u011b\u017en\u00fd v <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed syst\u00e9my pro elektrokola<\/strong> s omezen\u00fdmi funkcemi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AN Bus: Jako skupinov\u00fd chat<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sb\u011brnice CAN (Controller Area Network) je jako <strong>skupinov\u00fd chat<\/strong> na WhatsApp nebo WeChat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong> (\u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka, baterie, displej, senzor, sv\u011btla) jsou ve stejn\u00e9 chatovac\u00ed m\u00edstnosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je ozna\u010dena ID odes\u00edlatele a ka\u017ed\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dte pouze zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 jsou mu ur\u010deny.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Je to mnohem <strong>efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> a je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, kdy\u017e je t\u0159eba, aby spolu spolupracovalo mnoho komponent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v <strong>chytr\u00e9 a pokro\u010dil\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pro elektrokola<\/strong>, \u010dasto s GPS, Bluetooth a integrac\u00ed aplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Funkce<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>UART (telefonn\u00ed hovor)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Sb\u011brnice CAN (skupinov\u00fd chat)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Typ p\u0159ipojen\u00ed<\/td><td>One-to-one (bod-bod)<\/td><td>One-to-many (sd\u00edlen\u00e1 sb\u011brnice)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0160k\u00e1lovatelnost<\/td><td>N\u00edzk\u00e1 - pot\u0159ebuje dal\u0161\u00ed kabely pro v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/td><td>Vysok\u00e1 - v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sd\u00edl\u00ed stejn\u00e9 vodi\u010de<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Komunika\u010dn\u00ed tok<\/td><td>Pouze mezi dv\u011bma za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi<\/td><td>V\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed poslouchaj\u00ed a odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed na stejn\u00e9 lince<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slo\u017eitost<\/td><td>Jednoduch\u00e9<\/td><td>Slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u0159\u00edpad pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/td><td>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrokola (pouze displej \u2194 \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka)<\/td><td>Chytr\u00e1 elektrokola s BMS, aplikac\u00ed, senzory atd.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00daloha komunika\u010dn\u00edch protokol\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly v elektrokolech slou\u017e\u00ed k n\u011bkolika d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sd\u00edlen\u00ed dat: Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotce odes\u00edlat \u00fadaje v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase na displej (rychlost, stav nabit\u00ed baterie, chybov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy) a p\u0159ij\u00edmat zp\u011bt p\u0159\u00edkazy (nap\u0159. zm\u011bna \u00farovn\u011b asistence, zapnut\u00ed\/vypnut\u00ed sv\u011btel). Bez spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho protokolu se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee nebudete m\u00edt spolehliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje o rychlosti nebo nebudete moci upravit nastaven\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Koordinace slo\u017eek: V pokro\u010dil\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech je t\u0159eba koordinovat v\u00edce mikrokontrol\u00e9r\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad inteligentn\u00ed baterie s vlastn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem spr\u00e1vy bateri\u00ed (BMS) m\u016f\u017ee komunikovat s \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou motoru, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu proudu nebo aby se zobrazilo p\u0159esn\u00e9 procento baterie. Sb\u011brnice CAN nebo podobn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje baterii, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotce motoru, displeji a dokonce i senzor\u016fm sd\u00edlet informace v s\u00edti s v\u00edce uzly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bezpe\u010dnost a spolehlivost: Dob\u0159e navr\u017een\u00fd protokol zajist\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poruchy nebo ztr\u00e1ty sign\u00e1lu (nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u0161kozen\u00ed kabelu) to syst\u00e9m zjist\u00ed a provede bezpe\u010dnou akci (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed motoru). Robustn\u00ed protokoly, jako je CAN, zahrnuj\u00ed kontrolu chyb a prioritizaci zpr\u00e1v, aby se s t\u00edm vypo\u0159\u00e1daly . Jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed analogov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly takov\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed chyb postr\u00e1daj\u00ed - pokud se uvoln\u00ed vodi\u010d plynu, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka m\u016f\u017ee \u0161um nespr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretovat jako sign\u00e1l plynu, pokud nejsou zavedena bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Roz\u0161i\u0159itelnost: U elektrokol s bohatou funk\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdbavou (GPS trackery, imobiliz\u00e9ry proti kr\u00e1de\u017ei, v\u00edce asisten\u010dn\u00edch senzor\u016f atd.) usnad\u0148uje komunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nebo odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho, aby ka\u017ed\u00e9 nov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pot\u0159ebovalo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed kabelov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou, m\u016f\u017ee se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ipojit ke spole\u010dn\u00e9 sb\u011brnici a sd\u00edlet data se v\u0161emi ostatn\u00edmi. Tato \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost je hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d modern\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1 elektrokola p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na sb\u011brnici CAN .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokol je z\u00e1kladem elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu elektrokola a zaji\u0161\u0165uje, aby v\u0161echny elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti pracovaly v souladu. V dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se budeme v\u011bnovat dv\u011bma hlavn\u00edm typ\u016fm protokol\u016f (UART a CAN) a prozkoum\u00e1me, jak ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich funguje a jak\u00e9 jsou jejich p\u0159\u00edpady pou\u017eit\u00ed v elektrokolech a <a href=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/what-is-a-cargo-bike\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1179\">n\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrokola<\/a>. zkontrolujte, zda m\u00e1te z\u00e1jem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/understanding-uart-in-e-bikes-how-simple-serial-communication-powers-your-ride\/\"><strong>\"Porozum\u011bn\u00ed UART v elektronick\u00fdch kolech: Jak jednoduch\u00e1 s\u00e9riov\u00e1 komunikace poh\u00e1n\u00ed va\u0161i j\u00edzdu\"<\/strong> <\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky o tom, jak UART umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat mezi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi elektrokol, jako jsou displeje a \u0159adi\u010de.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\"Co je sb\u011brnice CAN v elektrokolech? Chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob p\u0159ipojen\u00ed bateri\u00ed, senzor\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\"<\/strong> \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Zjist\u011bte, jak modern\u00ed elektrokola vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sb\u011brnici CAN pro komunikaci s v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, pokro\u010dil\u00e9 displeje a diagnostiku syst\u00e9mu.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e pou\u017eit\u00ed: Kter\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokol pro kter\u00e9 elektrokolo?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pochopit, jak se v praxi vol\u00ed UART a CAN pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 konstrukce elektrokol. Budeme se zab\u00fdvat dv\u011bma \u0161irok\u00fdmi kategoriemi: <strong>elektrokola pro spot\u0159ebitele (v\u010detn\u011b typick\u00fdch kol pro doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed do pr\u00e1ce nebo pro voln\u00fd \u010das).<\/strong> a <strong>n\u00e1kladn\u00ed\/flotilov\u00e1 elektrokola (\u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pro firemn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky nebo p\u016fj\u010dovnami).<\/strong>s t\u00edm, \u017ee tyto priority se \u010dasto li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Kingull-ebike-from-pexels.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1705\" srcset=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Kingull-ebike-from-pexels.webp 900w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Kingull-ebike-from-pexels-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Kingull-ebike-from-pexels-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Kingull-ebike-from-pexels-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Standardn\u00ed spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektrokola (m\u011bstsk\u00e1, horsk\u00e1, silni\u010dn\u00ed elektrokola):<\/strong> Tato kola si mnoz\u00ed jednotlivci kupuj\u00ed pro osobn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed. Jejich nab\u00eddka sah\u00e1 od z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a\u017e po velmi \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 modely. V ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b (modely citliv\u00e9 na cenu) je komunikace UART velmi b\u011b\u017en\u00e1. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jednoduch\u00e9 36V doj\u00ed\u017e\u010fkov\u00e9 elektrokolo se sn\u00edma\u010dem kadence \u0161lap\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1kladn\u00edm LED displejem pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 UART (nebo dokonce analogov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly) mezi \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou a jak\u00fdmkoli minim\u00e1ln\u00edm displejem. Zde se zam\u011b\u0159ujeme na <strong>n\u00e1kladov\u00e1 efektivita a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funk\u010dnost<\/strong>. Mnoho takov\u00fdch kol pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u0161iroce dostupn\u00e9 \u0159adi\u010de a displeje, kter\u00e9 de facto dodr\u017euj\u00ed protokol UART, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zna\u010dky kol mohou dod\u00e1vat komponenty od r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f OEM. To je atraktivn\u00ed pro B2B kupuj\u00edc\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed flexibiln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat nap\u0159\u00edklad hez\u010d\u00ed displej od prodejce A s \u0159adi\u010dem od prodejce B - pokud oba mluv\u00ed UART ve stejn\u00e9m form\u00e1tu, m\u016f\u017ee to fungovat (i kdy\u017e je t\u0159eba ov\u011b\u0159it kompatibilitu v\u00fdvod\u016f a firmwaru). U spot\u0159ebn\u00edch kol vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, zejm\u00e9na u kol velk\u00fdch zna\u010dek, je trendem sb\u011brnice CAN. Vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 kola e-MTB nebo e-road se sn\u00edma\u010di to\u010div\u00e9ho momentu a efektn\u00edmi displeji mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat sb\u011brnici CAN, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u0161e hladce integrovat. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zna\u010dky v\u0161ak st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed UART nebo jin\u00e9 propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 linky i u \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch kol; li\u0161\u00ed se to podle v\u00fdrobce a jeho konstruk\u010dn\u00ed filozofie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20250529233939-1-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1563\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-srcset=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrokola a komer\u010dn\u00ed flotily:<\/strong> N\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrokola jsou ur\u010dena k p\u0159eprav\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f nebo cestuj\u00edc\u00edch a \u010dasto je vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed podniky (doru\u010dovac\u00ed slu\u017eby, po\u0161tovn\u00ed kola atd.). Tato kola maj\u00ed tendenci up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat <strong>robustnost, bezpe\u010dnost a mo\u017enosti spr\u00e1vy vozov\u00e9ho parku<\/strong> nad n\u00e1klady na elektroniku. V tomto segmentu se sb\u011brnice CAN skute\u010dn\u011b prosadila. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1kladn\u00ed kola mohou m\u00edt <strong>du\u00e1ln\u00ed baterie<\/strong> prodlou\u017een\u00ed dojezdu - spr\u00e1va dvou bateri\u00ed vy\u017eaduje komunikaci pro vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vyb\u00edjen\u00ed nebo alespo\u0148 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed stavu ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich. CAN usnad\u0148uje komunikaci jedn\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky se dv\u011bma jednotkami BMS (jedna v ka\u017ed\u00e9 baterii) na stejn\u00e9 sb\u011brnici. N\u00e1kladn\u00ed kola mohou m\u00edt tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed: brzdov\u00e1 sv\u011btla, sm\u011brov\u00e1 sv\u011btla, dokonce i elektronick\u00e9 z\u00e1mky - jejich koordinace prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm centr\u00e1ln\u00ed sb\u011brnice zjednodu\u0161uje zapojen\u00ed a ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho, proto\u017ee n\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrokola jsou \u010dasto provozov\u00e1na ve flotil\u00e1ch, spole\u010dnosti by r\u00e1dy m\u011bly k dispozici <strong>telematika<\/strong> na nich: GPS trackery, kter\u00e9 mohou hl\u00e1sit polohu kola, jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 z\u00e1vady. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b syst\u00e9mu s podporou CAN m\u016f\u017ee telematick\u00fd modul jednodu\u0161e odposlouch\u00e1vat zpr\u00e1vy CAN o rychlosti, stavu baterie atd. a tyto informace odes\u00edlat. Jedna p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie s evropskou flotilou dod\u00e1vek uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee napojen\u00ed na sb\u011brnici CAN umo\u017e\u0148uje vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f o \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b (nap\u0159. ujet\u00fdch kilometr\u016f), vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 vypnut\u00ed motoru pro ochranu proti kr\u00e1de\u017ei a aktualizace firmwaru motocyklu p\u0159es vzduch - funkce velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vu vozov\u00e9ho parku. To by bylo u kola s rozhran\u00edm UART obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b realizovateln\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 vs. integrovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my:<\/strong> Pokud chce zna\u010dka elektrokol voln\u011b kombinovat komponenty nebo umo\u017enit dodate\u010dn\u00e9 upgrady, dr\u017e\u00ed se syst\u00e9m\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na UART. Vid\u011bli jsme, \u017ee <strong>Syst\u00e9my UART umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed snadnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu displej\u016f nebo \u00fapravu nastaven\u00ed motoru.<\/strong>. Men\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnost vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed elektrokola by mohla d\u00e1t p\u0159ednost t\u00e9to cest\u011b, aby se vyhnula v\u00e1zanosti na jednoho dodavatele - m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit dodavatele motoru\/kontrol\u00e9ru, ani\u017e by zm\u011bnila cel\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m, pokud protokol z\u016fstane UART a m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159izp\u016fsobit firmware. Na druhou stranu, <strong>zna\u010dky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na optimalizaci syst\u00e9mu a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f \u010dasto vol\u00ed CAN<\/strong>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad elektrokola poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 spole\u010dnost\u00ed Bosch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sb\u011brnici podobnou CAN (Bosch m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed protokol zalo\u017een\u00fd na CAN), kter\u00e1 propojuje motor, displej a baterii. T\u00edm je zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u00edly t\u0159et\u00edch stran se nemohou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat; v\u0161e je p\u0159esn\u011b slad\u011bno dohromady. V\u00fdhodou je vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed spolehlivost a bezpe\u010dnost - syst\u00e9m vyhod\u00ed chybu, pokud n\u011bco neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 specifikaci. Nev\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee jako kupuj\u00edc\u00ed B2B (jako OEM v\u00fdrobce j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol, kter\u00fd si vybere Bosch) se zavazujete k n\u00e1kupu motoru, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky, baterie, displeje a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <em>v\u0161e<\/em> od spole\u010dnosti Bosch jako bal\u00ed\u010dek.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00e1kladn\u00ed kola - specifick\u00e9 aspekty:<\/strong> N\u00e1kladn\u00ed kola, zejm\u00e9na v EU, \u010dasto podl\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontrole, proto\u017ee mohou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eet t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klad nebo dokonce cestuj\u00edc\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v N\u011bmecku existuje norma (DIN 79010) speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro bezpe\u010dnost n\u00e1kladn\u00edch kol (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mechanick\u00e9 aspekty, jako je pevnost r\u00e1mu a brzdy). Tato norma sice nep\u0159edepisuje komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly, ale <em>my\u0161len\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na bezpe\u010dnost<\/em> v n\u00e1kladn\u00edch kolech podporuje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed protokolu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad zajistit, \u017ee pokud se n\u011bco pokaz\u00ed (p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed motoru nebo slab\u00e1 baterie), syst\u00e9m to m\u016f\u017ee sd\u011blit a p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed. Robustnost CAN a schopnost o\u0161et\u0159it chyby pom\u00e1haj\u00ed splnit tyto bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed c\u00edle. N\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrokola se nav\u00edc \u010dasto pohybuj\u00ed v m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed (dod\u00e1vky ve m\u011bstech), kde je mnoho r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho\/elektrick\u00e9ho \u0161umu a kde je v s\u00e1zce mnoho, pokud dojde k chyb\u011b v komunikaci v nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd okam\u017eik. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch . <strong>odolnost CAN proti \u0161umu<\/strong> je zde velkou v\u00fdhodou, proto\u017ee zabra\u0148uje nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohlo v\u00e9st k nevyzpytateln\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"1591\" class=\"elementor elementor-1591\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8afca32 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8afca32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24ec346 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24ec346\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b475eec elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6b475eec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/RT.651.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1522\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/RT.651.webp 1000w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/RT.651-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/RT.651-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/RT.651-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48fc00c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"48fc00c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"330\" src=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/New-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-436\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/New-1.png 533w, https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/New-1-300x186.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25aa7a08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25aa7a08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d854eb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"3d854eb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-text_center\"><p class=\"elementskit-section-subtitle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPouze 20 minim\u00e1ln\u00edch objedn\u00e1vkov\u00fdch kol pro za\u010d\u00e1tek \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/p><p class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title\">P\u0159izp\u016fsobiteln\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrokolo - RS01 <\/p>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p2\">A\u0165 u\u017e jste rostouc\u00ed zna\u010dka nebo m\u00edstn\u00ed obchod, na\u0161e t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed kola jsou va\u0161\u00ed vstupenkou do prosperuj\u00edc\u00edho sv\u011bta ekologick\u00e9ho doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. Poj\u010fme na to!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-137412e2 elementor-align-left elementor-align--mobilecenter elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button\" data-id=\"137412e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<div class=\"ekit-btn-wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dpopup%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjczNCIsInRvZ2dsZSI6ZmFsc2V9\" class=\"elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\u017d\u00e1dost o cenovou nab\u00eddku\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed normy a soulad elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (EU\/USA)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bez ohledu na pou\u017eit\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokol mus\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my elektrokol dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed normy, aby byl zaji\u0161t\u011bn jejich bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a leg\u00e1ln\u00ed provoz, zejm\u00e9na na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch trz\u00edch, jako je Evropa a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokol m\u016f\u017ee nep\u0159\u00edmo ovlivnit soulad kola s p\u0159edpisy - nap\u0159\u00edklad protokol, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje neomezen\u00e9 \u00fapravy ze strany u\u017eivatele, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat riziko pro soulad s p\u0159edpisy, zat\u00edmco protokol, kter\u00fd je uzam\u010den\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zajistit, aby kolo z\u016fstalo v z\u00e1konn\u00fdch mez\u00edch. Rozebereme si p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 normy a jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vztah:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed shodu ebike v Evropsk\u00e9 unii<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) - EN 15194:<\/strong> V EU je v\u011bt\u0161ina elektrokol (j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol s v\u00fdkonem motoru &lt;= 250 W a asistenc\u00ed p\u0159i rychlosti 25 km\/h) klasifikov\u00e1na jako <em>EPAC<\/em> (elektronicky podporovan\u00e9 cykly). Standardn\u00ed <strong>EN 15194<\/strong> se vztahuje na EPAC a definuje po\u017eadavky a zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metody pro bezpe\u010dnost a v\u00fdkonnost . To zahrnuje mechanickou bezpe\u010dnost (brzdy, r\u00e1m atd.) a elektrickou bezpe\u010dnost (elektroinstalace, elektromagnetick\u00e1 kompatibilita atd.), jako\u017e i zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby kolo spl\u0148ovalo rychlostn\u00ed a v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 limity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pro komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem. <strong>elektromagnetick\u00e1 kompatibilita (EMC)<\/strong>: syst\u00e9m by nem\u011bl vyza\u0159ovat nadm\u011brn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed nebo b\u00fdt ru\u0161en\u00edm nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n. Dob\u0159e navr\u017een\u00e1 komunika\u010dn\u00ed linka CAN nebo UART by m\u011bla proj\u00edt testy EMC (norma EN 15194 odkazuje na normu EN 55014 nebo podobnou pro EMC). Na adrese <strong>odolnost syst\u00e9mu CAN proti hluku<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdhodou pro spln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto po\u017eadavk\u016f EMC, proto\u017ee se ze sv\u00e9 podstaty l\u00e9pe vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1 s \u0161umem, ale syst\u00e9my UART mohou tak\u00e9 vyhov\u011bt, pokud jsou spr\u00e1vn\u011b st\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Manipulace s rychlost\u00ed a v\u00fdkonem:<\/strong> Norma EN 15194 vy\u017eaduje, aby se asistent vypnul p\u0159i rychlosti 25 km\/h a aby u\u017eivatel nemohl tuto hranici snadno nastavit nad z\u00e1konnou hodnotu. Pokud kolo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 UART a v\u00fdrobce ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 programovac\u00ed podlo\u017eky, m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel <em>mohl<\/em> p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jej omezit - to by mohlo vyvolat probl\u00e9my s dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobci proto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed uzam\u010den\u00e9 syst\u00e9my CAN, aby u\u017eivatel\u016fm zabr\u00e1nili ve zm\u011bn\u011b rychlostn\u00edho limitu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad motory Bafang s rozhran\u00edm CAN maj\u00ed omezen\u00ed rychlosti pevn\u011b nastaven\u00e9 a nelze je m\u011bnit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm displeje , co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zajistit soulad s p\u0159edpisy hned po vybalen\u00ed. Naproti tomu u mnoha syst\u00e9m\u016f UART m\u016f\u017ee zdatn\u00fd u\u017eivatel vstoupit do re\u017eimu nastaven\u00ed na displeji a upravit velikost kola nebo limit, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt programovac\u00ed kabel, \u010d\u00edm\u017e m\u016f\u017ee poru\u0161it literu z\u00e1kona, pokud zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee kolo p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed asisten\u010dn\u00ed rychlost 25 km\/h.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Elektrick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost:<\/strong> Norma EN 15194 (posledn\u00ed revize) se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrickou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed, ale zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee <strong>se pln\u011b nevztahuje na bezpe\u010dnost bateri\u00ed<\/strong> - p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee samotn\u00fd akumul\u00e1tor bude spl\u0148ovat dal\u0161\u00ed normy. Zam\u011b\u0159uje se sp\u00ed\u0161e na integraci, zapojen\u00ed a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ochranu (nap\u0159. \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odkryt\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti atd.). Komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokol na to nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv, ale nep\u0159\u00edmo m\u016f\u017ee protokol jako CAN, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje syst\u00e9mu BMS komunikovat s \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou, zv\u00fd\u0161it bezpe\u010dnost - nap\u0159. syst\u00e9m BMS m\u016f\u017ee poslat p\u0159\u00edkaz \"zastavit vyb\u00edjen\u00ed\", pokud se baterie p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1. A\u010dkoli to norma EN 15194 nep\u0159edepisuje, tento druh funkce pom\u00e1h\u00e1 motocyklu splnit obecn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9mu vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho by evropsk\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektrokola (zejm\u00e9na ta, kter\u00e1 p\u0159epravuj\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed\/cestuj\u00edc\u00ed) mohla spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky na <strong>Sm\u011brnice o strojn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch<\/strong> pokud nespadaj\u00ed striktn\u011b pod pravidla pro j\u00edzdn\u00ed kola (n\u011bkter\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed kola ano). To op\u011bt klade d\u016fraz na robustn\u00ed pojistky proti selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Pou\u017eit\u00ed spolehliv\u00e9ho komunika\u010dn\u00edho protokolu se zabezpe\u010den\u00edm proti selh\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. vypnut\u00ed CAN p\u0159i poru\u0161e) m\u016f\u017ee pomoci p\u0159i dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edce informac\u00ed o <a href=\"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/cargo-bike-safety-standard-en-17860\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"416\">Norma EU pro elektrokola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed shodu s p\u0159edpisy pro ebike ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 - UL 2849 a dal\u0161\u00ed:<\/strong> V USA je v\u00fdroba elektrokol na feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni trochu m\u00e9n\u011b regulov\u00e1na, pokud jde o v\u00fdkon (existuje definice spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku jako n\u00edzkorychlostn\u00edho elektrokola s maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdkonem 750 W a rychlost\u00ed 20 mph na plyn\/28 mph na asistenci ped\u00e1l\u016f, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 povinn\u00e9 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed normy na feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, <strong>bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed certifikace se st\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dovou<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m z po\u017e\u00e1ru bateri\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>UL 2849<\/strong> je hlavn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed norma pro elektrick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my elektrokol v Severn\u00ed Americe. Vztahuje se na cel\u00fd elektrick\u00fd pohonn\u00fd syst\u00e9m elektrokola - v\u010detn\u011b baterie, motoru, nab\u00edje\u010dky a v\u0161ech propojen\u00ed. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed podle normy UL 2849 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u00edm, zda elektroinstalace zvl\u00e1dne proudy, zda je syst\u00e9m chr\u00e1n\u011bn proti zkratu, a co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, zahrnuje tak\u00e9 <strong>UL 2271 pro baterie<\/strong> (co\u017e je bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed norma specifick\u00e1 pro baterie). Pokud jde o komunikaci, norma UL 2849 nep\u0159edepisuje protokol, ale kontroluje, zda nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i ztr\u00e1t\u011b komunikace nebo zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poruchy syst\u00e9m bezpe\u010dn\u011b sel\u017ee (\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd rozb\u011bh motoru). Syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na CAN by mohl m\u00edt m\u00edrnou v\u00fdhodu v prokazov\u00e1n\u00ed redundance (nap\u0159. pokud se ztrat\u00ed zpr\u00e1va o plynu, CAN to m\u016f\u017ee zjistit a vhodn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u010dasov\u011b omezit). Ale i syst\u00e9my UART lze navrhnout tak, aby spl\u0148ovaly normu UL 2849 (pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed jen d\u016fkladn\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed poruch ve firmwaru \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prevence po\u017e\u00e1ru a \u00farazu elektrick\u00fdm proudem:<\/strong> Normy jako UL 2849 se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na prevenci po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f a \u00faraz\u016f elektrick\u00fdm proudem. Pokud je nap\u0159\u00edklad k elektrokol\u016fm p\u0159ipojena nab\u00edje\u010dka, nem\u011bla by komunikace mezi bateri\u00ed a nab\u00edje\u010dkou (pokud existuje) v\u00e9st k p\u0159eb\u00edjen\u00ed. Pozoruhodn\u00e9 je, \u017ee <strong>Standard EnergyBus<\/strong> kter\u00fd jsme zm\u00ednili a kter\u00fd je zalo\u017een na CAN, byl \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b motivov\u00e1n bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed - zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby jak\u00e1koli nab\u00edje\u010dka mohla bezpe\u010dn\u011b nab\u00edjet jakoukoli baterii t\u00edm, \u017ee komunikuje p\u0159es CANopen a umo\u017e\u0148uje nap\u00e1jen\u00ed pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e je provedeno spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 handshaking. EnergyBus pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 specifick\u00fd konektor, kter\u00fd obsahuje datov\u00e9 linky CAN, tak\u017ee nab\u00edje\u010dka a baterie nejprve nav\u00e1\u017e\u00ed komunikaci a teprve potom povol\u00ed nab\u00edjec\u00ed proud, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jisk\u0159en\u00ed nebo nesouhlasn\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed . Tato koncepce je v souladu s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed logikou UL. Pokud zna\u010dka pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sb\u011brnici EnergyBus, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch certifikac\u00ed, proto\u017ee ze sv\u00e9 podstaty \u0159\u00edd\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 interakce mezi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f (rychlost\/v\u00fdkon):<\/strong> V USA je syst\u00e9m t\u0159\u00edd (elektrokola t\u0159\u00eddy 1, 2, 3) do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry \u010destn\u00fd a nen\u00ed tak p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b vynucov\u00e1n jako limity v EU, ale z d\u016fvod\u016f odpov\u011bdnosti v\u00fdrobci obvykle zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee elektrokola prod\u00e1van\u00e1 jako t\u0159\u00edda 2 nelze snadno upravit tak, aby nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ekro\u010dila rychlost 20 km\/h na plyn. I zde m\u016f\u017ee pomoci pou\u017eit\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00e9ho protokolu CAN - u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nemohou jen tak p\u0159ipojit kabel a zru\u0161it omezen\u00ed na kole. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee mnoho spole\u010dnost\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch elektrokola nyn\u00ed inzeruje baterie nebo syst\u00e9my s certifik\u00e1tem UL, aby z\u00e1kazn\u00edky ujistily o bezpe\u010dnosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost HOVSCO (jak je vid\u011bt z jejich znalostn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze) zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee jejich kola spl\u0148uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky normy UL 2849 pro elektrickou bezpe\u010dnost a EN 15194 pro celkovou shodu s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy . To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jejich elektroinstalace, konektory a komunikace mus\u00ed fungovat, ani\u017e by zp\u016fsobovaly nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a jin\u00e9 normy:<\/strong> Krom\u011b norem EN 15194 a UL 2849 existuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed relevantn\u00ed normy - nap\u0159., <strong>ISO 4210<\/strong> (norma pro bezpe\u010dnost j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol) s \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 po\u017eadavk\u016f na elektrokola, a n\u011bmeck\u00e1 norma <strong>DIN 79010<\/strong> pro n\u00e1kladn\u00ed kola (kter\u00e1, jak jsme uvedli, se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad pevnosti r\u00e1mu p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1kladem a brzdn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku). Ty p\u0159\u00edmo neur\u010duj\u00ed elektroniku, ale norma pro n\u00e1kladn\u00ed kola m\u016f\u017ee implicitn\u011b vy\u017eadovat, aby nap\u0159\u00edklad asistence nefungovala \u0161patn\u011b p\u0159i velk\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Robustn\u00ed komunikace zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee i kdy\u017e je kolo nam\u00e1h\u00e1no (a t\u0159eba se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00fd \u0161um nebo se prohne baterie), sign\u00e1ly mezi bateri\u00ed, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou a senzory z\u016fstanou spolehliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, <strong>shoda s p\u0159edpisy a bezpe\u010dnost ur\u010duj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e1 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed mezi UART a CAN.<\/strong>. V\u00fdrobce, kter\u00fd usiluje o maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, se m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159iklonit ke sb\u011brnici CAN pro jej\u00ed kontrolu a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chyb nebo m\u016f\u017ee zav\u00e9st dodate\u010dn\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed u syst\u00e9m\u016f UART. Oba protokoly mohou b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 konstrukce, ale kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je, jak jsou pou\u017eity. Na adrese <strong>uzav\u0159en\u00e1 povaha syst\u00e9m\u016f CAN m\u016f\u017ee vynutit dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f<\/strong> (nap\u0159. omezen\u00ed rychlosti, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nemohou nastavit, jak to vy\u017eaduje z\u00e1kon) , zat\u00edmco <strong>Syst\u00e9my UART nab\u00edzej\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed volnost pro u\u017eivatele, co\u017e je dvouse\u010dn\u00e1 zbra\u0148.<\/strong>. V\u00fdrobci mus\u00ed zajistit, aby i motorky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na UART byly vybaveny nap\u0159\u00edklad fyzick\u00fdm nebo softwarov\u00fdm omezova\u010dem, kter\u00fd nelze snadno hacknout, aby se nep\u0159ekro\u010dily z\u00e1konn\u00e9 limity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A kone\u010dn\u011b, bez ohledu na protokol, pou\u017eit\u00ed <strong>kvalitn\u00ed konektory a kabel\u00e1\u017e<\/strong> je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f. V EU mus\u00ed kolo vydr\u017eet vibrace, ani\u017e by se uvolnily dr\u00e1ty, a za mokra, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo ke zkratu. Konektory, jako je Higo\/Julet (vodot\u011bsn\u00e9 konektory hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v elektrokolech), jsou obl\u00edben\u00e9 nejen kv\u016fli pohodl\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee pom\u00e1haj\u00ed spl\u0148ovat <strong>Stupn\u011b kryt\u00ed IP a po\u017eadavky na spolehlivost<\/strong>. Sb\u011brnice CAN obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 takov\u00e9 konektory (nap\u0159. jeden 4 nebo 5pinov\u00fd konektor Higo m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et data a nap\u00e1jen\u00ed CAN pro displej). Volba protokolu nem\u011bn\u00ed nic na pot\u0159eb\u011b dobr\u00e9ho <strong>odleh\u010den\u00ed tahu, izolace a zaji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed konektory<\/strong> aby se zabr\u00e1nilo odpojen\u00ed (co\u017e by mohlo b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, pokud by se nap\u0159\u00edklad sign\u00e1l vypnut\u00ed brzdy nedostal do \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky, proto\u017ee se uvolnil kabel).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Evropa i USA se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na bezpe\u010dnost elektrokol. Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed norem jako EN 15194 a UL 2849 je pro renomovan\u00e9 zna\u010dky st\u00e1le v\u00edce neoddiskutovateln\u00e9. Komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokol je jedn\u00edm d\u00edlem skl\u00e1da\u010dky - prost\u0159edkem k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed koordinace a bezpe\u010dnosti elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Spolehlivost sb\u011brnice CAN m\u016f\u017ee pomoci p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto norem t\u00edm, \u017ee poskytuje robustn\u00ed komunikaci, zat\u00edmco syst\u00e9my UART vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pe\u010dliv\u00fd n\u00e1vrh, aby byly stejn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. V\u00fdrobci \u010dasto vol\u00ed protokol, kter\u00fd nejl\u00e9pe odpov\u00edd\u00e1 strategii shody: UART pro jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed konstrukce, kde lze riziko snadno zvl\u00e1dnout, nebo CAN pro slo\u017eit\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kde vyniknou jeho bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed vlastnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>N\u00e1klady a tr\u017en\u00ed aspekty<\/strong> p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru komunika\u010dn\u00edch protokol\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi komunika\u010dn\u00edmi protokoly (nebo obecn\u011b p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu elektrokola) jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem n\u00e1klady - nejen finan\u010dn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 \"n\u00e1klady\" z hlediska flexibility a dodavatelsk\u00fdch vztah\u016f. Zde se dozv\u00edte, jak se n\u00e1klady porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed a co berou v \u00favahu n\u00e1kup\u010d\u00ed nebo konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i B2B:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u00e1klady na hardware:<\/strong> Jak ji\u017e bylo uvedeno, syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na UART obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed hardware. \u0158adi\u010d a displej pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pouze funkci UART, kterou maj\u00ed vestav\u011bnou prakticky v\u0161echny mikrokontrol\u00e9ry. Zapojen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt o n\u011bco jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed (m\u00e9n\u011b \u00favah o ukon\u010den\u00ed atd.). Syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na CAN vy\u017eaduje trochu v\u00edce: \u010dip CAN transceiveru pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed MCU (i kdy\u017e v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b maj\u00ed i pom\u011brn\u011b levn\u00e9 MCU zabudovan\u00fd CAN). Skute\u010dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl v kusovn\u00edku (Bill of Materials) se m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat v \u0159\u00e1du n\u011bkolika dolar\u016f na kolo ve velk\u00e9m objemu, ale na konkuren\u010dn\u00edm trhu to m\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u00fdznam. U velk\u00fdch flotil kol se tyto dolary n\u00e1sob\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>n\u00e1klady na hardware CAN se sn\u00ed\u017eily<\/strong> a tento kompromis by mohl b\u00fdt snadno ospravedlniteln\u00fd p\u0159idanou funk\u010dnost\u00ed, kterou CAN poskytuje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00e1klady na v\u00fdvoj a integraci:<\/strong> Pro za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdrobce elektrokol nebo malou spole\u010dnost by mohl b\u00fdt v\u00fdvoj syst\u00e9mu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na CAN od nuly n\u00e1kladn\u00fd, pokud nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed odborn\u00e9 znalosti. Mohlo by to vy\u017eadovat najmut\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f vestavn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed znaj\u00ed CAN, investice do n\u00e1stroj\u016f a \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd v\u00fdvojem vlastn\u00edho firmwaru. Alternativn\u011b, pokud si koup\u00ed hotov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (nap\u0159. pohonn\u00e9 jednotky Bosch nebo Shimano, kter\u00e9 jsou zalo\u017eeny na CAN), jsou n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdvoj na jejich stran\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale jednotkov\u00e1 cena je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed (syst\u00e9my Bosch maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b proto, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1te pln\u011b integrovan\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a zna\u010dku). A <strong>Syst\u00e9m UART lze \u010dasto sestavit z hotov\u00fdch komponent.<\/strong> se zn\u00e1mou kompatibilitou - nap\u0159\u00edklad mnoho spole\u010dnost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 open-source nebo standardn\u00ed protokoly, kde je ji\u017e mnoho technick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed hotovo a riziko je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Pro odb\u011bratele B2B (nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 chce m\u00edt pod svou zna\u010dkou n\u011bkolik elektronick\u00fdch kol) m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159echod na UART znamenat, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee z\u00edskat levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed generick\u00e9 d\u00edly, zat\u00edmco p\u0159echod na CAN \u010dasto znamen\u00e1 p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se ekosyst\u00e9mu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho dodavatele (kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u010dtovat licen\u010dn\u00ed poplatky nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ceny).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Poprodejn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu:<\/strong> To se n\u011bkdy p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Provozovatel vozov\u00e9ho parku (nap\u0159\u00edklad sd\u00edlen\u00e1 kola nebo doru\u010dovatelsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost) m\u016f\u017ee zjistit, \u017ee <strong>Kola se sb\u011brnic\u00ed CAN \u0161et\u0159\u00ed pen\u00edze na \u00fadr\u017ebu<\/strong>. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee mohou diagnostikovat probl\u00e9my na d\u00e1lku nebo rychleji. Syst\u00e9m p\u0159ipojen\u00fd ke sb\u011brnici CAN m\u016f\u017ee podrobn\u011b hl\u00e1sit chybov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy (nap\u0159\u00edklad \"z\u00e1vada sn\u00edma\u010de teploty baterie #2\" jako konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed k\u00f3d). Technici mohou ke sb\u011brnici CAN p\u0159ipojit diagnostick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit probl\u00e9my. To m\u016f\u017ee zkr\u00e1tit dobu pr\u00e1ce. Jak je vid\u011bt v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b IoT Venture, jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 i takov\u00e9 v\u011bci, jako je d\u00e1lkov\u00e1 aktualizace firmwaru , co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee u\u0161et\u0159it n\u00e1klady na fyzick\u00e9 svol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed motocykl\u016f k ur\u010dit\u00fdm oprav\u00e1m. Na druhou stranu po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eba kola s UART m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed (mo\u017en\u00e1 se pokaz\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b v\u011bc\u00ed v komunikaci), ale pokud je n\u011bco \u0161patn\u011b, mo\u017en\u00e1 budete muset prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u00fdm\u011bny d\u00edl\u016f metodou pokus-omyl, proto\u017ee syst\u00e9m v\u00e1m nedok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159\u00edct, co je \u0161patn\u011b, krom\u011b toho, \u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 blik\u00e1 LED dioda. Pro individu\u00e1ln\u00edho spot\u0159ebitele m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt oprava kola s UART levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee k oprav\u011b m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt hotov\u00e9 d\u00edly a znalosti komunity, zat\u00edmco kolo s CAN m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nuceno j\u00edt do autorizovan\u00e9ho servisu (potenci\u00e1ln\u011b dra\u017e\u0161\u00edho). Existuje tedy n\u00e1kladov\u00fd kompromis mezi <strong>pou\u017eitelnost pro u\u017eivatele<\/strong> (UART vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1) a <strong>pokro\u010dil\u00e1 diagnostick\u00e1 podpora<\/strong> (CAN vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1, co\u017e by mohlo sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na odborn\u00e9 slu\u017eby).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Licen\u010dn\u00ed a propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1klady:<\/strong> Pou\u017eit\u00ed propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho protokolu CAN by mohlo b\u00fdt spojeno s licen\u010dn\u00edmi poplatky nebo omezen\u00edmi. Pokud si zna\u010dka j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol vytvo\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed protokol CAN, je to v po\u0159\u00e1dku, ale pokud pou\u017eije n\u011bco jako CANopen nebo EnergyBus, bude mo\u017en\u00e1 muset dodr\u017eovat standardy a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vstoupit do sdru\u017een\u00ed (nap\u0159. EnergyBus e.V.). Tyto n\u00e1klady jsou obecn\u011b mal\u00e9, ale stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku. Propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, jako je Bosch, ve skute\u010dnosti znamenaj\u00ed, \u017ee OEM v\u00fdrobce j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol kupuje pohonn\u00e9 jednotky jako bal\u00edk; cenu ur\u010duje Bosch. U syst\u00e9m\u016f UART je \u010dasto v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed konkurence mezi dodavateli d\u00edl\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit ceny.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edka a hodnota:<\/strong> Z marketingov\u00e9ho hlediska m\u016f\u017ee zna\u010dka ospravedlnit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu za kolo, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 \"elektroniku sb\u011brnice CAN automobilov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy\", proto\u017ee to zn\u00ed pokrokov\u011b a spolehliv\u011b (i kdy\u017e z\u00e1kazn\u00edk rozd\u00edl p\u0159\u00edmo nevid\u00ed). Hodnota je v tom, \u017ee <strong>prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed pocit a v\u00fdkon<\/strong> kter\u00e9 syst\u00e9my CAN \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed (obvykle jsou na kolech, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 kvalitn\u00ed motory atd.). Zna\u010dky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na trh vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy nebo na komer\u010dn\u00ed klientelu tak mohou syst\u00e9m CAN vyu\u017e\u00edt jako sou\u010d\u00e1st pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 nab\u00eddky. Naopak u z\u00e1kladn\u00edch e-kol se z\u00e1kazn\u00edci v\u011bt\u0161inou staraj\u00ed o to, aby fungovala a byla cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e1 - nebudou p\u0159ipl\u00e1cet jen proto, \u017ee displej kola pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 CAN m\u00edsto UART. Tak\u017ee, <strong>volba protokolu by m\u011bla odpov\u00eddat segmentu trhu s j\u00edzdn\u00edmi koly.<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zabezpe\u010den\u00ed budoucnosti:<\/strong> N\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i zva\u017euj\u00ed, jsou <strong>n\u00e1klady ob\u011btovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nejsme p\u0159ipraveni na budoucnost<\/strong>. Pokud nyn\u00ed investujete do platformy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na UART, ale p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok budete cht\u00edt p\u0159idat dal\u0161\u00ed funkce (nap\u0159\u00edklad druhou baterii nebo nov\u00fd typ senzoru), m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee star\u00e1 platforma bude omezuj\u00edc\u00ed a vynut\u00ed si p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se rozhodnou, \u017ee je z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zvolit od za\u010d\u00e1tku platformu CAN, i kdy\u017e nen\u00ed pln\u011b vyu\u017eita, aby zbyl prostor pro nov\u00e9 funkce a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu u\u0161et\u0159it n\u00e1klady na p\u0159estavbu. Jde o strategick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed: zaplatit o n\u011bco v\u00edce p\u0159edem oproti potenci\u00e1ln\u011b mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu upgradu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jde o skute\u010dn\u00e9 ceny: je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 je ur\u010dit, ale \u010dlov\u011bk z oboru by mohl \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sada UART pro e-bike + displej by mohla st\u00e1t \u0159ekn\u011bme $50-$100 ve velk\u00e9m, zat\u00edmco ekvivalentn\u00ed sada zalo\u017een\u00e1 na CAN od velk\u00e9 zna\u010dky by mohla st\u00e1t n\u011bkolik set dolar\u016f (proto\u017ee je sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed). Tento rozd\u00edl v\u0161ak \u010dasto zahrnuje i lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon motoru, z\u00e1ruku atd. a ne jen rozd\u00edl v komunikaci. . <strong>p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady pouze na protokol<\/strong> (nap\u0159. p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dipu CAN) je mal\u00fd, ale <strong>n\u00e1klady na ekosyst\u00e9m<\/strong> (p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k drah\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu oproti levn\u00e9mu generick\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velk\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno pro kupce elektrokol B2B:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pokud je va\u0161\u00ed prioritou <strong>nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed jednotkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/strong> a chcete flexibiln\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vat zdroje od v\u00edce dodavatel\u016f, je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt <strong>Otev\u0159en\u00fd syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na UART<\/strong> je atraktivn\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eete se poohl\u00e9dnout po vhodn\u00fdch displej\u00edch a ovlada\u010d\u00edch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b dokonce vyjedn\u00e1vat s v\u00edce tov\u00e1rnami.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud je va\u0161\u00ed prioritou <strong>v\u00fdkon, spolehlivost a syst\u00e9m na kl\u00ed\u010d.<\/strong> (a jste ochotni za n\u011bj zaplatit), a <strong>Syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na CAN od renomovan\u00e9ho dodavatele<\/strong> v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee u\u0161et\u0159it bolesti hlavy a p\u0159idat hodnotu va\u0161emu produktu (za cenu vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v\u00e1m snad vr\u00e1t\u00ed d\u00edky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cen\u011b kol nebo d\u00edky efektivit\u011b objemu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Omezen\u00ed a budouc\u00ed trendy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e vychvalujeme p\u0159ednosti UART a CAN, stoj\u00ed za to si uv\u011bdomit. <strong>omezen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu komunikace na elektrokolech.<\/strong> a kam by mohly v\u011bci sm\u011b\u0159ovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 standardizace v cel\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed:<\/strong> Na rozd\u00edl od automobilov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kde t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd automobil pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sb\u011brnici CAN a standardizovanou diagnostiku (OBD-II), je odv\u011btv\u00ed elektrokol st\u00e1le rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9. Existuje <strong>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jednotn\u00fd univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed protokol<\/strong> kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u0161echna elektrokola. Implementace UART se li\u0161\u00ed (ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdrobce m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt jin\u00e9 form\u00e1ty dat p\u0159es UART) a implementace CAN jsou \u010dasto propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed. To je omezen\u00ed pro spot\u0159ebitele a mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed firmy kol - nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 \"plug and play\" mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zna\u010dkami. Nem\u016f\u017eete vz\u00edt n\u00e1hodn\u00fd displej a o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee bude fungovat s n\u00e1hodnou \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou, pokud v\u00fdslovn\u011b nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00fd protokol a firmware. <strong>EnergyBus<\/strong> je slibnou snahou o standardizaci (s protokolem CANopen CiA-454 definuj\u00edc\u00edm zpr\u00e1vy pro komponenty elektrokol) , ale zat\u00edm nen\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1. Pokud se prosad\u00ed EnergyBus nebo podobn\u00e9 standardy, mohli bychom se do\u010dkat skute\u010dn\u011b interoperabiln\u00edch komponent - nap\u0159\u00edklad baterie od v\u00fdrobce X by mohla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita s motorov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem od v\u00fdrobce Y, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e protokol zalo\u017een\u00fd na CANopen by zajistil, \u017ee si budou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b rozum\u011bt. To by bylo v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro odb\u011bratele B2B (v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed dodavatel\u016f) i pro spot\u0159ebitele (v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed modernizace\/opravy). Hr\u00e1\u010di v odv\u011btv\u00ed v\u0161ak maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed motivaci udr\u017eovat propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9my (aby si zajistili z\u00e1kazn\u00edky). Nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi <strong>standardizace vs. propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed kontrola<\/strong> bude ur\u010dovat budoucnost protokol\u016f pro elektrokola.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0160\u00ed\u0159ka p\u00e1sma a datov\u00e9 pot\u0159eby:<\/strong> V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je komunikace na elektrokolech pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo datov\u00e1. Budouc\u00ed elektrokola v\u0161ak mohou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et v\u00edce informac\u00ed - p\u0159edstavte si sb\u011br dat z vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch senzor\u016f to\u010div\u00e9ho momentu nebo m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm pro tr\u00e9ninkov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, nebo dokonce videa z kamer pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. CAN p\u0159i klasick\u00fdch rychlostech se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t \u00fazk\u00fdm hrdlem, pokud je t\u0159eba odeslat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat. Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl m\u00e1 k dispozici CAN-FD (roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou verzi CAN s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi datov\u00fdmi r\u00e1mci a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed propustnost\u00ed) a dal\u0161\u00ed protokoly, jako je Ethernet, pro pot\u0159eby vysok\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky p\u00e1sma. Pro elektrokola by se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby mohl \u010dasem objevit CAN-FD nebo BLE\/Wi-Fi pro p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed datov\u00fdch protokol\u016f. <strong>Bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e1 komunikace<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 dopl\u0148ovat dr\u00e1tov\u00e9 protokoly: mnoho elektrokol ji\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Bluetooth Low Energy pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed kola k aplikaci v chytr\u00e9m telefonu. To je mimo r\u00e1mec vnit\u0159n\u00edho elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ale stoj\u00ed to za zm\u00ednku jako paraleln\u00ed kan\u00e1l. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee v budoucnu by n\u011bkter\u00e1 jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed elektrokola mohla dokonce upustit od dr\u00e1tov\u00e9ho displeje a pou\u017e\u00edvat bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd modul k telefonu - i kdy\u017e kritick\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed prvky (jako jsou sign\u00e1ly plynu nebo brzdy) by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstaly kv\u016fli spolehlivosti dr\u00e1tov\u00e9. V n\u00e1kladn\u00edch flotil\u00e1ch bychom se mohli do\u010dkat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed integrace komunikace V2X (vehicle-to-everything) - elektrokola by komunikovala s logistick\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my nebo dopravn\u00ed infrastrukturou, co\u017e by op\u011bt bylo navrstveno na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed syst\u00e9m sb\u011brnice CAN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obavy o bezpe\u010dnost:<\/strong> S t\u00edm, jak se elektrokola propojuj\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komunikaci, <strong>kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost<\/strong> se st\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem. Syst\u00e9m UART bez extern\u00edho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed je prakticky imunn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di hacker\u016fm (n\u011bkdo by se musel fyzicky napojit na kabely). Ale sb\u011brnice CAN, kter\u00e1 je propojena s modulem Bluetooth nebo modulem GSM (pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vozov\u00e9ho parku), p\u0159edstavuje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zranitelnost. V\u00fdrobci budou muset zajistit, aby jejich protokoly (zejm\u00e9na bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e1 rozhran\u00ed ke sb\u011brnici) byly bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a zabr\u00e1nily tak \u0161kodliv\u00e9mu ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u0159edstavte si hackera internetu v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00fd by mohl na d\u00e1lku vy\u0159adit z provozu flotilu dod\u00e1vkov\u00fdch kol - co\u017e je sice vzd\u00e1len\u00fd, ale teoreticky mo\u017en\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, pokud by nebyl zabezpe\u010den). Propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed protokoly jsou ze sv\u00e9 podstaty do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 skrze zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, ale jakmile se CAN stane v elektrokolech v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1mou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, mohli by se \u0161patn\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i pokusit injektovat zpr\u00e1vy CAN prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odhalen\u00e9ho portu. Proto se v budoucnu m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm v komunikaci na elektrokolech.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zku\u0161enosti u\u017eivatel\u016f:<\/strong> A\u0165 u\u017e se pou\u017eije jak\u00fdkoli protokol, m\u011bl by nakonec slou\u017eit k dobr\u00e9mu u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u017eitku. Jezdce zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed v\u011bci jako plynul\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun energie, p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace na displeji a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed funkce funguj\u00edc\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby. Omezen\u00edm prvn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na CAN bylo, \u017ee n\u011bkdy byly <em>p\u0159\u00edli\u0161<\/em> uzam\u010den\u00e9 - u\u017eivatel\u00e9 se c\u00edtili frustrovan\u00ed, \u017ee nemohou zm\u011bnit ani jednoduch\u00e9 p\u0159edvolby. S t\u00edm, jak syst\u00e9my dosp\u00edvaj\u00ed, mohou v\u00fdrobci naj\u00edt zp\u016fsoby, jak u\u017eivatel\u016fm poskytnout flexibilitu (prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm autorizovan\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed nebo nastaven\u00ed), ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k naru\u0161en\u00ed kontroly. Nap\u0159\u00edklad by aplikace mohla umo\u017enit omezen\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed (v bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch mez\u00edch) i v syst\u00e9mu CAN nebo umo\u017enit p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edch stran, kter\u00e9 je certifikov\u00e1no, komunikovat na sb\u011brnici (t\u0159eba pomoc\u00ed standardn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v EnergyBus). Se standardizac\u00ed protokol\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat o n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed otev\u0159enost, paradoxn\u011b i ve sv\u011bt\u011b CAN.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1v\u011br <strong>elektrick\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m elektrokol - a\u0165 u\u017e UART nebo CAN - m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro v\u00fdkon, bezpe\u010dnost a modularitu kola.<\/strong>. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed navrhuj\u00ed e-kola, mus\u00ed vyva\u017eovat jednoduchost UART a sofistikovanost CAN. B2B n\u00e1kup\u010d\u00ed mus\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017eit, jak volba ovlivn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, dodavatelsk\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec a nab\u00eddku hodnoty jejich v\u00fdrobku. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee odv\u011btv\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uje ke sb\u011brnici CAN s t\u00edm, jak se elektrokola vyv\u00edjej\u00ed v propojen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a schopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stroje , ale syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na UART pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstanou po n\u011bjakou dobu paraleln\u00ed pro jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed modely (jsou koneckonc\u016f \"dostate\u010dn\u011b dobr\u00e9\" pro obrovsk\u00fd segment jezdc\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00edm t\u011bchto komunika\u010dn\u00edch protokol\u016f - v podstat\u011b <em>elektrick\u00fd jazyk<\/em> elektrokol - \u010dlov\u011bk mnohem l\u00e9pe pochop\u00ed, jak elektrokola funguj\u00ed uvnit\u0159. Od oto\u010den\u00ed plynov\u00e9ho ped\u00e1lu nebo se\u0161l\u00e1pnut\u00ed ped\u00e1lu, p\u0159es n\u00e1razov\u00fd v\u00fdkon motoru a\u017e po \u010d\u00edsla na displeji - to v\u0161e je umo\u017en\u011bno bity a bajty, kter\u00e9 se pohybuj\u00ed po dr\u00e1tech a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee <strong>synchronizace baterie, motoru a jezdce.<\/strong>. A a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o elegantn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 elektrokolo, nebo o t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd n\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u016fz, d\u00edky t\u00e9to harmonii je j\u00edzda bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e1 a bezpe\u010dn\u00e1. C\u00edlem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho protokolu je nakonec to, aby technologie ustoupila do pozad\u00ed a jezdec si mohl jednodu\u0161e u\u017e\u00edvat j\u00edzdu - nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak doufejme s trochou p\u0159ehledu o p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 koordinaci, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 pod jeho nohama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/qiolor.com\/blogs\/news\/choose-a-compatible-display-for-ebike-controller?srsltid=AfmBOorOZVLxH1nW2IKqZpg7a0sHgwM2UIkj6mVIcgFd-UtTbuBKSZfh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qiolor Ebike Guide - <em>\"Jak si vybrat kompatibiln\u00ed displej pro ovlada\u010d va\u0161eho elektrokola\"<\/em> (2025)<\/a> - diskuse o jazyc\u00edch UART vs. CANBUS a d\u016fle\u017eitosti shodn\u00fdch protokol\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Velco.tech - <em>\"CAN vs UART: rozd\u00edly mezi komunika\u010dn\u00edmi re\u017eimy\"<\/em> (2024) - vysv\u011btlen\u00ed jednoduchosti UART oproti s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdm mo\u017enostem CAN a uveden\u00ed jejich v\u00fdhod\/omezen\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Centrum n\u00e1pov\u011bdy Biktrix - <em>\"Jak\u00e9 jsou protokoly CANBUS a UART?\"<\/em> - u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd pohled na to, jak CAN blokuje nastaven\u00ed (pevn\u00fd rychlostn\u00ed limit) oproti UART umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fapravy , plus srovn\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bnitelnosti displej\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IoT Venture (p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie s vozov\u00fdm parkem CYCLE) - popisuje v\u00fdhody integrace CAN ve vozov\u00fdch parc\u00edch elektrokol: p\u0159\u00edstup k \u00fadaj\u016fm o \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b, vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 deaktivace motoru, aktualizace OTA .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Znalosti HOVSCO - <em>\"Jak\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed prvky maj\u00ed elektrick\u00e1 kola?\"<\/em> - pozn\u00e1mky k norm\u011b EN 15194 (EU), kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uje omezen\u00ed rychlosti\/v\u00fdkonu a odolnost, a k norm\u011b UL 2849 (USA), kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na elektrickou\/po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, a tak\u00e9 zm\u00ednka o norm\u011b DIN 79010 pro bezpe\u010dnost n\u00e1kladn\u00edch kol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pozn\u00e1mky k aplikac\u00edm Texas Instruments - <em>\"\u00davahy o n\u00e1vrhu hardwaru pro elektrick\u00e9 j\u00edzdn\u00ed kolo s pou\u017eit\u00edm motoru BLDC\"<\/em> - poskytl typick\u00e1 blokov\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata syst\u00e9mu elektrokol a vhled do \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed elektroniky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Letrigo Ebike Knowledge - <em>\"Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed zapojen\u00ed displeje elektrokola\"<\/em> - podrobnosti o zapojen\u00ed, konektorech (Higo\/Julet) a upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed standard zapojen\u00ed, a klade d\u016fraz na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 slad\u011bn\u00ed spoj\u016f a robustn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed pro integritu sign\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Standard EnergyBus - \u00davod od spole\u010dnosti Kvaser - popisuje EnergyBus jako otev\u0159en\u00fd standard zalo\u017een\u00fd na CANopen pro komponenty LEV, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje kompatibilitu a bezpe\u010dnost nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u00fdrobci.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electric bicycles (e-bikes), including cargo e-bikes, rely on an intricate electrical system to link the battery, motor, controller, sensors, and user interface. This system\u2019s communication protocols serve as the \u201clanguage\u201d that allows all these components to coordinate seamlessly . In this popular science overview, we will explain what these communication protocols are and how they [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1706,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,2],"tags":[44,48,39],"class_list":["post-1702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-glossary","category-knowledge","tag-cargo-bike-guide","tag-e-bike","tag-odm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1702"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1702\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1716,"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1702\/revisions\/1716"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/regencargobikes.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}